Sheep

Business Management

If you’re thinking about raising sheep commercially, there are many different factors to consider. Use Penn State Extension’s vast collection of resources to help make your farm a profitable one. Topics covered include an introduction to livestock production, using flock records to set goals and make selection decisions, farm biosecurity, pricing meat, marketing your products, and farm finances.

Raising Sheep for Profit

Raising sheep for profit is possible on both small acreage-farms and much larger enterprises. Profitability can be challenging, but with productive sheep and close control of expenses, it is possible to make your operation efficient. Successful marketing of sheep products is also critical for a profitable sheep operation.

Sheep producers have to face another challenge. The average consumption of lamb is declining and people consume it mostly during the spring holidays rather than all year. Producers can do a lot to increase the popularity of lamb. They can market it for various ethnic holidays or there may be existing markets to take advantage of.

Timing is another important factor. The price of lamb is often higher in the spring. Knowing what prices to charge for your meat cuts is dependent on the cost of production. The cost of raising an animal includes the cost of the initial purchase through until the day of slaughter.

Sheep Farm Business and Management

If you want your sheep raising operation to be a successful one, there are several factors to bear in mind. These include safe operation and facilities, nutrition and manure management plans, and risk management. Flock records can be used to set goals and make selection decisions. You should also have a strategy and budget for selecting your next ram. Being prepared for an emergency plays a critical role in a sheep raising business.

Another important aspect to consider is how you’re going to finance your sheep farm. There are many ways to finance your new enterprise, but you will need a written business plan to show the funders how you plan to use funds and make repayments. You can use budgeting to help guide you in making the best financial decisions.

Penn State Extension’s Custom Agricultural Business: A Guide to Get You Started is for farm owners, operators, and producers who want to know more about running a successful livestock business.

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  1. How to Shear Sheep
    Videos
    How to Shear Sheep
    Length 15:18
    In this video, Mike Fournier, former Penn State Extension Educator, demonstrates how to shear sheep. He also demonstrates the six sheep shearing positions.
  2. Setting benchmarks for a range of preferred adjusted weaning weights can help a producer make replacement ewe lamb selection decisions.
    Articles
    Review Your Sheep Records
    By Melanie Barkley
    In order to have a good handle on some of your production practices, you need to review your records, both financial and production, on a regular basis.
  3. Producers have options when marketing livestock products.
    Articles
    Exploring Two Ways to Direct Market in Pennsylvania
    By Jonathan A. Campbell, Ph.D.
    Producers have two options to pursue when marketing livestock post harvest in the U.S.: Selling under United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) inspection, or custom sale of live animals, harvested by the buyers butcher.
  4. Sides of beef harvested under inspection.
    Articles
    Why Aren't All Meat Processors the Same in Pennsylvania?
    By Jonathan A. Campbell, Ph.D.
    In Pennsylvania, livestock slaughtered can be "Inspected" or "Custom". Meat from livestock harvested under custom slaughter are exempt from inspection but cannot be sold, donated, or given away.
  5. U.S. Sheep, Goat Producers: Let Your Voices Be Heard
    News
    U.S. Sheep, Goat Producers: Let Your Voices Be Heard
    Date Posted 3/5/2021
    Sheep and goat producers can share their opinion about educational opportunities in Extension by completing an anonymous survey.
  6. Spring Lamb Production
    Articles
    Spring Lamb Production
    By Lynn Kime, Melanie Barkley, David Hartman, Jayson K. Harper, Ph.D.
    Compared to most other livestock enterprises, spring lamb production has lower investment costs and labor requirements, and quicker returns on investment.
  7. Sheep grazing under solar panels, Susquehanna University. Photo Credit: Dave Hartman, Penn State Extension
    Articles
    Sheep Grazing to Maintain Solar Energy Sites in Pennsylvania
    By David Hartman
    Sheep grazing has proven to be a successful way to maintain solar energy sites in many states. Furthermore, grazing sheep has been found to be more cost-effective than a more traditional approach.
  8. Sheep Management and Production
    Online Courses

    $99.00

    Sheep Management and Production
    Sections 8
    Length 25 hours
    Learn the basics of sheep production and how to manage your operation, including breeds and selection, nutrition, health problems, grazing, and marketing.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    News
    PA Agriculture Resilience Network Online to Locate or Offer Assistance
    Date Posted 5/20/2020
    To help the agriculture community respond rapidly to COVID-19 and other future disruptions in the food supply chain, the PA Agriculture Resilience Network was created.
  10. Building an Emergency Response Plan for Livestock Producers
    Articles
    Building an Emergency Response Plan for Livestock Producers
    By Elizabeth Hines, Tara L. Felix, Jonathan A. Campbell, Ph.D., Chelsea Hill
    Whether you raise pigs, sheep, goats, or cattle, having an emergency plan for their care is critical for animal welfare and business continuity.
  11. Pennsylvania Nutrient Management Program
    Pennsylvania Nutrient Management Program
    This program provides a comprehensive source of information about the Nutrient Management Act (Act 38, 2005), and associated technical guidance and educational information.
  12. Mike Fournier instructs sheep shearing.
    Articles
    Time to Think About Shearing Your Sheep
    By Melanie Barkley
    The wonderful signs of impending Spring should signal all shepherds that March is also the unofficial start of the sheep shearing season.
  13. What Are You Doing to Increase Lamb Consumption?
    Articles
    What Are You Doing to Increase Lamb Consumption?
    By Melanie Barkley
    While total numbers of sheep and lambs in the United States is declining, so is the average consumption of lamb by consumers.
  14. Evaluating body condition is an important evaluation tool for sheep producers.
    Articles
    Body Condition: One More Evaluation Tool
    By Melanie Barkley
    Body condition, or fat cover, is one more evaluation tool that sheep producers can use to evaluate their sheep flock and management practices.
  15. Lambing records should be reviewed as a means to make selection and culling decisions.
    Articles
    Have You Reviewed Your Sheep Records Lately?
    By Melanie Barkley
    Record keeping is certainly not one of my favorite tasks related to raising sheep, but it certainly is necessary.
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