See All Christmas Trees

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This article discusses how to choose the perfect Christmas tree and keep it fresh.

The Tree Assistance Program (TAP) provides financial assistance to qualifying orchardists, Christmas tree, and nursery tree growers to replant or rehabilitate eligible trees, bushes, and vines lost by natural disasters.

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There is nothing quite like the splendor of a live Christmas tree to bring the beauty and amazing scents of the outdoors into homes for the holidays.

Penn State Extension's Forestry and Wildlife team boasts a rich history of educating and supporting industry professionals and private landowners in Pennsylvania.

Most real Christmas trees are free of insects and other arthropods. However, it is possible that some trees may harbor one or more species.

Field identification is usually through the presence of a popcornlike pitch mass on the main trunk. Damage includes reddish, sawdustlike frass at bore holes.

White pine weevil adults have long snouts and elbowed antenna with terminal knobs. Damage includes a typical "shepherd's crook" wilt.

Birds tend not to be a big problem associated with Christmas tree production, but damage occasionally occurs to the tops, particularly of taller trees.

A small, yellow or red spot appears on the needle at the site of infection and the needle may die as the fungus grows into the bark. Damage shows up as dead or dying branches.

Larvae of white grubs feed on roots of conifer seedlings and transplants. Damage includes seedling discoloration (reddish brown) in late summer to early fall.

Symptoms are present on Douglas fir needles within 3 years of infection. The fruiting bodies can be seen with a hand lens. Damage includes dieback of needle tips resembling drought damage.

The coverings of adult female scales resemble miniature helmets. They are reddish brown and may have cream or white stripes. Damage may show as black sooty mold.

Spruce spider mites can develop from an egg to an adult in 2–3 weeks under normal conditions. Damage includes small, irregularly shaped yellow spots ("stippling") on needles.

Infected trees may appear disfigured and have extensive needle discoloration, reduced growth, and premature needle drop. Damage will show as pale yellow bands that go completely around the needle.

Young trees sustain the most severe damage from rhizosphaera needle cast, but trees of any size can be affected. Damage causes discoloration of needles.

This infection occurs around bud break, when buds are opening to expose susceptible immature needles. Damage shows up as yellow spots or flecks that enlarge with time.

Red-band needle blight occurs throughout the growing season during wet periods. Initial symptoms include dark green bands on the needles, quickly replaced with brown or reddish-brown lesions.

Although Ploioderma needle cast occurs in spring, symptoms are not apparent until winter when yellow spots and bands appear, giving the needles a mottled appearance.

Pinewood nematodes spread from infected to healthy pines in the spring through contaminated pine sawyer beetles. Needles turn yellow then reddish brown.

Although they can survive as mature larvae or pupae, pine shoot beetles most often overwinter as adults in the bark or lower stems at the base of trees. Damage includes shoot and branch injury

Pine sawfly larvae are caterpillar-like with six or more pairs of prolegs on the abdomen. Larvae use their chewing mouthparts to consume entire needles, which can result in extensive defoliation.

To locate larvae, remove soil down to the first root flare. Damage includes trees loose in soil, leaning or dying (entire trees may be yellowed).